He aha ka hao kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka wela? Pehea ka hana o ka hana?

Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nui o kekahi mau mea hoʻohui i ka hao, hiki ke loaʻa ka hao hoʻoheheʻe me ke kūpaʻa corrosion kiʻekiʻe ma kekahi mau media. ʻO ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia. ʻO kahi pūʻulu o nā hao hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e loaʻa ana ka 10% a 16% silika ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā hao silika kiʻekiʻe. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano like ʻole i loaʻa ka 10% a 12% silika, ʻo ka ʻike silika ma ke ʻano he 14% a 16%. Ke emi iho ka nui o ka silicon ma mua o 14.5%, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā waiwai mechanical, akā ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kūpaʻa corrosion. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike silika ma mua o 18%, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka corrosion-resistant, lilo ka alloy i mea palupalu a ʻaʻole kūpono no ka hoʻolei ʻana. No laila, ʻo ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana ʻo ia ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ka 14.5% a 15% silika. [1]

ʻO nā inoa kālepa haole o ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe ʻo Duriron a me Durichlor (loaʻa ka molybdenum), a ʻo kā lākou mea hana kemika e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka papa ma lalo.

kumu hoʻohālike	Nā mea kemika nui, %
	silika	molybdenum	chromium	manganese	sulfur	phosphorus	hao
Ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe	〉14.25	—	—	0.50～0.56	〈0.05	〈0.1	Noho
Molybdenum i loko o ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe	〉14.25	〉3	少量	0.65	〈0.05	〈0.1	Noho

ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino

ʻO ke kumu i loaʻa ai i ka hao kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka nui o ka nui o ka 14% i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale i haku ʻia ʻo ʻAʻole pale i ka corrosion.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion i ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe i ka media oxidizing a me kekahi mau ʻakika hoʻohaʻahaʻa. Hiki iā ia ke pale i nā mahana like ʻole a me ka nui o ka waikawa nitric, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid i ka mahana maʻamau, fatty acid a me nā mea media ʻē aʻe. ʻinoʻino. ʻAʻole ia e pale i ka corrosion e ka media e like me ka waika hydrochloric kiʻekiʻe, sulfurous acid, hydrofluoric acid, halogen, caustic alkali solution and molten alkali. ʻO ke kumu o ka nele o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kiʻi pale ma ka ʻili ma lalo o ka hana o ka caustic alkali, a lilo i kinoea ma lalo o ka hana o ka hydrofluoric acid, kahi e hoʻopau ai i ke kiʻi pale.

Nā waiwai mīkini

ʻO ka hao kiʻekiʻe-silikona he paʻakikī a palupalu me nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi ʻole. Pono ia e pale i ka hopena a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā moku kaomi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma mua o ka wili ʻana.

Hana mīkini

ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau mea hoʻohui i ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana mīkini. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lepo magnesium alloy i ka hao kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ka 15% silicon hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe a degas, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano matrix o ka hao hao, a spheroidize i ka graphite, pēlā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka hao; no ka hoolei ana Ua maikai no hoi ka hana. Ma waho aʻe o ka wili ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia kēia hao kiʻekiʻe-siliconi, paʻi, wili, a hoʻoponopono ʻia ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka hoʻolili koke ʻana a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana; ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma mua o ka hao kiʻekiʻe-silikona maʻamau. , ua like loa ka media i hoʻololi ʻia.

ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 6.5% a 8.5% keleawe i ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ka 13.5% a 15% silika hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana machining. Ua like ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion me ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waikawa nitric. He kūpono kēia mea no ka hana ʻana i nā impeller pump a me nā lima lima e kū i ka ʻino a me ka ʻaʻahu. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana machining ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻike silika a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea alloying. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea chromium, keleawe a me nā mea honua ʻokoʻa i ka hao hoʻoheheʻe silika i loaʻa ka 10% a i ka 12% silicon (i kapa ʻia ʻo medium ferrosilicon) hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kona brittleness a me ka hana. Hiki ke huli, wili, paʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ma nā media he nui, ua kokoke ke kūpaʻa corrosion i ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe.

I loko o ka hao-siliconi hoʻolei ʻia ka hao me ka ʻike silika o 10% a 11%, a me 1% a 2.5% molybdenum, 1.8% a 2.0% keleawe a me 0.35% mau mea ʻokoʻa honua, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana machining, a hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia. kūʻē. Ua like ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion me ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe. Ua hōʻoia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hao e like me ka impeller o dilute nitric acid pump i ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa nitric a me ka impeller o ka sulfuric acid circulation pump no ka maloʻo chlorine, a maikaʻi loa ka hopena.

ʻO nā hao hao kiʻekiʻe-silikona i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke kūʻē ʻana i ka waika hydrochloric corrosion. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki iā lākou ke pale wale i ka corrosion i loko o ka waika hydrochloric haʻahaʻa i ka lumi wela. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka waikawa hydrochloric (ʻoi aku ka wai hydrochloric wela), hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka molybdenum. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohui i ka 3% i ka 4% molybdenum i ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe me ka maʻiʻo silika o 14% a 16% hiki ke loaʻa i ka hao hao kiʻekiʻe-silikona i loko o ka molybdenum e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale molybdenum oxychloride ma ka ʻili o ka hoʻolei ʻana ma lalo o ka. ka hana o ka waika hydrochloric. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka waika hydrochloric, no laila e hoʻonui nui ai i kona hiki ke pale aku i ka corrosion acid hydrochloric i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma nā pāpaho ʻē aʻe. Ua kapa ʻia kēia hao hao kiʻekiʻe-silikona i ka hao hoʻoheheʻe chlorine. [1]

Kiʻekiʻe silika hoʻoheheʻe hao hana

Loaʻa i ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe ka maikaʻi o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe (HRC=45) a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion maikaʻi. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hana no nā pālua friction seal mechanical i ka hana kemika. No ka mea he 14-16% silika ka hao hao, paʻakikī a palupalu, aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka hana ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ma o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hao kiʻekiʻe-silikona ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe ma ka lathe, mālama ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka spindle ma 70 ~ 80 rpm, a ʻo ka meaʻai mea hana he 0.01 mm. Ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻaoʻao hoʻoheheʻe. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka hānai ʻana no ka huli ʻino ʻana he 1.5 a 2 mm no ka mea hana.

ʻO YG3 ka mea hoʻohuli ʻana i ke poʻo, a ʻo ka mea paahana mea hana he kila kila.

ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻoki ʻana he hoʻohuli. No ka mea he palupalu loa ka hao kiʻekiʻe-silikona, lawe ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana mai waho a i loko e like me ka mea maʻamau. I ka hopena, e ʻoki ʻia nā kihi a e ʻoki ʻia nā ʻaoʻao, e ʻoki ʻia ka mea hana. E like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻana e pale aku i ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana, a he liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka ʻoki hope ʻana o ka pahi māmā.

Ma muli o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe o ka hao kiʻekiʻe-silikona, ʻokoʻa ka ʻoki ʻoki nui o nā mea hoʻohuli i nā mea hana hoʻohuli maʻamau, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma ka ʻākau. ʻO nā ʻano mea hoʻohuli ʻekolu i ke kiʻi he mau kihi rake maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻoki nui a me ka ʻoki ʻoki lua o ka mea hoʻohuli i nā kihi ʻokoʻa e like me nā hoʻohana like ʻole. Hōʻike ke kiʻi a i ka mea hana hoʻohuli pōʻai i loko a me waho, ka huina hoʻohuli nui A=10°, a me ka huina hoʻohuli lua B=30°. Hōʻike ke kiʻi b i ka mea hoʻohuli hope, ka huina hoʻoemi nui A=39°, a me ka huina hoʻoemi lua B=6°. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi C i ka mea hoʻohuli bevel, ʻo ke kihi deflection nui = 6°.

ʻO ka ʻeli ʻana i nā lua i loko o ka hao kiʻekiʻe-silikona hoʻolei ʻia ke hana maʻamau ma luna o ka mīkini ʻeha. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka spindle he 25 a 30 rpm a ʻo ka nui o ka hānai he 0.09 a 0.13 mm. Inā he 18 a 20 mm ke anawaena wili, e hoʻohana i ke kila mea hana me ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e wili ai i ke awāwa spiral. (ʻAʻole pono ka hohonu o ke awāwa). Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻāpana carbide YG3 i loko o ke poʻo drill bit a me ka lepo i kahi kihi kūpono no ka wili ʻana i nā mea maʻamau, no laila hiki ke hana pololei ʻia ka wili. No ka laʻana, i ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lua i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 20 mm, hiki iā ʻoe ke wili mua i 18 a 20 mau puka, a laila hana i kahi drill bit e like me ka nui i makemake ʻia. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke poʻo o ka drill bit me ʻelua ʻāpana carbide (hoʻohana ʻia ka mea YG3), a laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka hapalua pōʻai. E hoʻonui i ka lua a i ʻole e hoʻohuli iā ia me kahi saber.

palapala noi

Ma muli o kona ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka waika, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hao silika kiʻekiʻe no ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. ʻO ka papa maʻamau ʻo STSil5, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā paila centrifugal kūpaʻa i ka waikawa, nā paipu, nā hale kiaʻi, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā ipu, nā valves a me nā moa, etc.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, he palupalu ka hao kiʻekiʻe-silikona, no laila pono e mālama nui ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, mālama ʻia, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana. Mai paʻi me ka hāmare i ka wā e hoʻokomo ai; pono pono ka hui 'ana e pale aku i ke ko'iko'i kūloko; ʻO ka hoʻololi nui ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa wela a i ʻole ka hoʻomehana kūloko i pāpā loa ʻia i ka wā o ka hana, ʻoiai ke hoʻomaka, hoʻomaha a hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha, pono e lohi ka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻomaha; ʻaʻole kūpono e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea paʻi.

Hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o nā pauma centrifugal kūʻē i ka corrosion, ʻo Nessler vacuum pumps, cock, valves, special-shaped pipes and pipe joints, pipes, venturi arms, cyclone separators, denitrification towers and bleaching towers, concentration furnaces and pre-washing machines, etc. I ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa nitric concentrated, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka waika nitric me 115 a 170 ° C ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kolamu wehe. Hoʻopili ka nitric acid centrifugal pump i ka nitric acid me ka nui o ka 98%. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e like me ka mea hoʻololi wela a me ka hale kiaʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka ʻakika hui ʻia o ka waikawa sulfuric a me ka waikawa nitric, a aia i ke kūlana maikaʻi. ʻO nā kapuahi hoʻomehana no ka ʻaila i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hana, nā hale kiaʻi acetic anhydride distillation a me nā hale kiaʻi distillation benzene no ka hana triacetate cellulose, nā paila waikawa no ka hana ʻana o ka glacial acetic acid a me ka wai sulfuric acid production, a me nā ʻano like ʻole a i ʻole ka paʻakai paʻakai paʻakai a me nā moa, etc. nā mea a pau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi kiʻekiʻe. hao silikoni.

ʻO ka hao silika keleawe kiʻekiʻe (GT alloy) ke kūpaʻa i ka alkali a me ka sulfuric acid corrosion, akā ʻaʻole i ka nitric acid corrosion. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa alkali ma mua o ka hao alumini a me ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā pamu, nā impellers a me nā bushings i hoʻomāinoino loa a pili i ka lole slurry.